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目的 了解阴道分娩产妇分娩创伤感知的类别特征及影响因素。方法 通过横断面研究，采用便利抽样法，选取2024年1—6月在河南省2所三级甲等医院行阴道分娩产妇作为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、经阴道分娩产妇分娩创伤感知量表进行调查。采用潜在剖面分析识别阴道分娩产妇分娩创伤感知的类别特征，分析不同分娩创伤感知水平的影响因素。结果 本研究共发放问卷460份，收回有效问卷434份，问卷有效回收率94.3%。潜在剖面分析结果显示，阴道分娩产妇分娩创伤感知特征可分为分娩创伤感知低敏舒缓组(64.3%)、分娩创伤均衡感知组(26.6%)、分娩创伤感知全面高敏组(9.1%)。多元logistic回归分析结果显示，参加孕妇学校、年龄、撕裂或侧切、不良孕产史、产前焦虑、是否器械辅助分娩是分娩创伤感知的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 阴道分娩产妇分娩创伤感知水平可分为3个类别，产科医护人员应及时识别高危因素，根据不同水平的心理特征针对性对产妇实施心理疏导、分娩信息支持、社会支持等干预措施，以缓解产妇的分娩创伤，促进孕产妇心理健康。
Abstract：Objective To analysis of the category characteristics and influencing factors of birth trauma perception among women with vaginal delivery. Methods Through a cross-sectional study, pregnant women with vaginal delivery at 2 tertiary A hospitals in Henan province from January to June, 2024 were enrolled as investigation subjects using convenience sampling methodology. General information questionnaire and psychometric properties evaluation of the birth trauma perception scale were utilized as the investigating tools, and latent profile analysis was employed to identify the category characteristics of the perceived trauma levels among pregnant women with vaginal delivery, and to analyze the influencing factors of different levels of perceived trauma.Results A total of 460 questionnaires were distributed in this study, and recovered 434 valid ones, with an effective recovery rate of 94.3%.The birth trauma of pregnant women with vaginal delivery could be divided into 3 classes, including low-sensitivity and alleviated perceived birth trauma group(64.3%), balanced perceived birth trauma group(26.6%), and comprehensive high-sensitivity perceived birth trauma group(9.1%). Multivariate logistic regression outputs demonstrated that attending pregnant women's school, age, perineal tear or episiotomy, history of adverse pregnancy and childbirth, prenatal anxiety, and whether instrument-assisted delivery were influencing factors regarding to birth trauma perception among pregnant women with vaginal delivery(P<0.05). Conclusion The birth trauma perception in pregnant women with vaginal delivery can be divided into 3 categories.Obstetric medical staff should promptly identify high-risk factors and implement targeted interventions such as psychological counseling, delivery information support, and social support for pregnant women based on their different levels of psychological characteristics, in order to alleviate their birth trauma and promote their mental health.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16821/j.cnki.hsjx.2026.06.002
中图分类号:R473.71
引用信息:
[1]樊少磊,刘晓辉,岳少婷,等.阴道分娩产妇分娩创伤感知潜在剖面现状及影响因素分析[J].护士进修杂志,2026,41(06):574-580.DOI:10.16821/j.cnki.hsjx.2026.06.002.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(编号：8187218); 河南省卫健委联合共建项目(编号：LHGJ20220551,LHGJ20230385)
2026-03-28
2026-03-28