目的 构建结构方程模型探讨肿瘤科护士情绪劳动及社会支持与工作倦怠3个变量相互作用的关系。方法 于2023年1—3月，采用一般情况调查表，护士情绪劳动量表、社会支持量表及工作倦怠量表，对某市三级甲等医院173名肿瘤科护士进行调查问卷。结果 工作倦怠与社会支持及情绪劳动中深层扮演呈负相关(P<0.05),情绪劳动中表层扮演、情绪表达及社会支持与工作倦怠呈正相关(P<0.05)。结构方程分析，拆分情绪劳动中正向与负向，正向情绪结构方程显示，社会支持对工作倦怠的总作用为-5.20,中介作用为-0.62,占总效应11.9%;负向情绪结构方程显示，社会支持对工作倦怠的总作用为-3.42,中介作用为-0.16,占总效应4.67%。结论 肿瘤科护士情绪劳动处于中等偏高水平，肿瘤科护士更倾向于采用深层扮演。正、负向情绪劳动的中介效应均较小，表明社会支持直接或通过非情绪劳动的其他途径缓解工作倦怠，护理管理者应采取有效措施促使肿瘤科护士在工作中运用最佳的情绪劳动策略，提高社会支持水平，缓解或杜绝肿瘤科护士工作倦怠，最终实现患者满意、护士满意、医院满意三方共赢的局面。

Objective To explore the interaction among 3 variables of emotional labor, social support, and job burnout of oncology nurses by constructing a structural equation model. Methods From January to March 2023,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 173 oncology nurses in a Grade A hospital using the nurse general information questionnaire, the emotional labor scale, the social support rating scale, and the Maslach burnout inventory. Results Job burnout was negatively correlated with social support and deep acting in emotional labor(P<0.05), while surface acting in emotional labor, emotional expression, and social support were positively correlated with job burnout(P<0.05). Through structural equation analysis, positive and negative emotions in emotional labor were separated. The positive emotion structural equation showed that the total effect of social support on job burnout was-5.20, and the mediating effect was-0.62, accounting for 11.9% of the total effect; The negative emotion structural equation showed that the total effect of social support on job burnout was-3.42, and the mediating effect was-0.16, accounting for 4.67% of the total effect. Conclusion The emotional labor of oncology nurses is at a moderately high level, and oncology nurses tend to use deep acting. The mediating effects of both positive and negative emotional labor are relatively small, indicating that social support directly or through other ways than emotional labor can alleviate job burnout.Nursing managers should take effective measures to encourage oncology nurses to use the best emotional labor strategies at work, improve the level of social support, and reduce or eliminate job burnout of oncology nurses, ultimately achieving a win-win situation for patients, nurses, and hospitals.